The Strategy To Raise Standards In British Prisons

The Strategy To Raise Standards In British Prisons Political and Academic enthusiasm for the privatization of British Prisons has consistently ascended since its abrupt restoration during the 1980s and 1990s. This intrigue has been hastened by a quick ascent in the jail populace and the straightforwardly related heightening of running expenses and challenges of running a reliably effective assistance. Privatization was seen by numerous strategy producers as giving a significant advance forward towards improving conditions, achieving change and development, and improving the general nature of the British jail framework. The private segment was accepted to be fit for conveying a superior standard of administration with more noteworthy proficiency and a further extent of responsibility. Hence, the most recent decade has seen a consistent development of private segment association in the British jail framework. This article will inspect the contention that privatization offers a significant system to increase expectations inside Britains jails and consider any issues related with this methodology. The privatization of redresses is currently comprehended to mean some type of the proprietorship or the board of jails by private enterprises. The job of the private area in contemporary redresses is, be that as it may, a lot more extensive than this tight definition. Savas (1987) brings up that the private segment is associated with revisions in five particular manners. It might: (1) account and build detainment facilities; (2) work offices for adolescents; (3) work offices for grown-ups; (4) give work to detainees, and (5) offer explicit authoritative types of assistance, for example, medicinal services and professional training for prisoners and staff. The ongoing move towards the privatization of British detainment facilities has been to a great extent dependent on the generous increment of the jail populace. Somewhere in the range of 1993 and 1996 the UK jail populace expanded from 43,000 to 54,000, a pace of around 100 for each 100,000 of the whole populace. This quick ascent has prompted across the board stuffing and an abatement in gauges, making everyday environments for some detainees exceptionally upsetting. Detainees by and large wellbeing has crumbled and self destruction and self-mutilation rates have climbed quickly. Added to this, staff spirit has likewise fallen and far reaching distrust of the worth and target of detainee programs has developed. It has been clear for quite a while that across the board changes and new procedures are required so as to handle the issues inside the jail framework. The principle needs for improving the framework have included; expanding jail limit, presenting working practices that are a ll the more pleasing and adaptable for jail and probation staff and the requirement for more noteworthy responsibility from those answerable for running jail administrations. The case that this could be accomplished at significantly diminished expenses basically by empowering more prominent private part inclusion in the conveyance of reformatory approach has been progressively observed by some as a handy solution answer for a considerable lot of the correctional frameworks most squeezing issues (Cavadino Dignan, 2002: 227) It is imperative to now take a gander at how it is recommended that privatizing Britains jails will prompt such upgrades in principles. Supporters of the privatization of Britains detainment facilities contend that there are various potential advantages legitimately connected with the business rivalry that privatization would create. For instance, through the production of a market power private associations would be urged to keep up and undoubtedly enhance exclusive expectations of cost adequacy and productivity so as to accomplish the effective recharging of current government contracts and to vie for new help contracts. Logan Rausch (1985) propose that because of the manner in which they are financed open division associations are wasteful and ineffectual. As the private division is persuaded by rivalry and benefit it is devoted to giving greatest fulfillment to its customers and clients at least expense. On the other hand, in the open division; civil servants are compensated not as indicated by the presentation of their association yet as indicated by the size and spending plan of their organizations, along these lines they are more intrigued by domain working than in expanding their productivity. Beyens Snacken additionally look at this point, contending that; Proponents guarantee that privatization is the most ideal approach to diminish expenses and build new, better structured jails all the more rapidly. By presenting the component of rivalry and new administration strategies, better quality for less cash can be accomplished. It is expressed that private remedial administrations can work all the more productively, in view of less bureaucratic formality and a higher inspiration to control costs. Privatization, many case prompts uplifted responsibility inside the jail framework. It is contended that the administration is in a perfect situation to force severe rules and incorporate itemized administration measures inside agreements, making organizations promptly responsible and putting them in danger of budgetary punishments for inability to satisfy them. As the administration no longer need to guard its own deficiencies it tends to be progressively dynamic in moving privately owned businesses for neglecting to meet legally binding commitments. Most private contractual workers acknowledge and welcome the estimation of full time autonomous screens who are available inside private jails going about as an extra assurance of agreement consistence. Open division detainment facilities don't have comparative completely autonomous screens. Likewise, sound rivalry between private division adversaries would likewise have an administrative impact as organizations are slanted to screen ev ery others execution for shortcomings and failings so as to increase a business advantage. Plainly the essential method of reasoning for passing the administration of penitentiaries into private hands is that they are relied upon to work at lower running expenses than those constrained by the Home Office. On the off chance that achievement is to be estimated on successful cost-cutting and fulfilling required guidelines of administration, supporters of privatization are persuaded that a continued push toward this path will create positive outcomes. It has been assessed that the running expenses of private detainment facilities are 15-25 percent beneath those of state penitentiaries (Tilt, 1995). A jail audit in 1997, expressed that secretly run detainment facilities by and large, offered an operational cost sparing of 8-15 percent. A Parliamentary Select Committee in 1996-97 took a gander at the administration of guilty parties in the general population and private divisions. It announced that a development of the private part would prompt an expansion in proficiency in the open division. It presumed that private jails were working great as far as nature of execution, and that their general execution was comparable to, and now and again better than, freely managed detainment facilities. Be that as it may, pundits contend that ongoing upgrades in the productivity of open part detainment facilities have prompted a constant narrowing in the working cost sparing offered by secretly worked jails so that by 1998 the differential had been decreased to 2-11 percent (Woodbridge, 1999). Those against privatization additionally contend that any scaled down running costs comes at a significant expense; to the hindrance of the quantity of staff utilized, staff compensation, states of business and working conditions (Joyce, 2001:221). For instance, it has been accounted for that contracted-out jails, frequently preferring high innovation safety efforts, have on normal 16 percent less staff for every detainee than open division penitentiaries. Likewise pay and conditions for staff at private part penitentiaries are regularly poor in correlation with the open area. Compensations are 14 percent lower and individuals from staff convey on normal 10 percent additionally working hours o ut of every week. These components may record somewhat for the elevated levels of staff turnover at private detainment facilities, answered to be around 30 percent. The handiness of privatization and to be sure its standards have been broadly scrutinized and various issues that it possibly delivers have been recognized. Right off the bat, numerous pundits center the accentuation around the customary thought of privatization an idea as of now mostly disparaged in the western world in light of its relationship with expanded profiteering and the relinquishment of the open enthusiasm (Harding, 1997: 1). It is intensely contended that the running of Britains penitentiaries for benefit has extremely negative results. This genuine analysis of privatization is that the benefit intention is completely contradictory with effective jail organization. So as to make benefit, private associations are reliant on getting a constantly high gracefully of detainees into their foundations. There are various instances of how this may influence the treatment of guilty parties and detainees. Early discharge times for detainees may conceivably be disheartened or disreg arded when jail numbers are generally low. Likewise, government and other driving political strategy creators might be slanted to squeeze lawmakers to make orders and pass acts that are both unequivocally guardianship based and progressively reformatory. Another factor that must be considered because of the dependence of private temporary workers on detainee numbers for benefit is the issue of congestion. One of the key thoughts advancing privatization is the improvement of norms and day to day environments for detainees, private penitentiaries may build up a propensity towards expanding detainee numbers so as to raise benefits prompting congestion and its inalienable issues This contention unmistakably uncovers how the hidden business inspiration of private associations can have genuine repercussions for the way in which private jails are run, presenting genuine and apparently unanswerable inquiries to the individuals who completely bolster privatization. Another significant worry with privatization is that there will be an expanded accentuation on security, to the inconvenience of endeavors to change or restore detainees. The agreement between the Home Office and a privately owned business doesn't require the contractual worker to assist prisoners with driving great

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Moral Dilemma Essay In scanning for an answer for the moral issue of creature manufacturing plants utilizing anti-infection agents to keep creatures well, I think there is just a single arrangement; that is to quit purchasing creature items that originate from these spots. The critical step is getting more individuals to stick to this same pattern. The crucial step about getting individuals to quit purchasing a specific item is that consumer’s don’t consistently know the dangers or issues related with a specific item, for this situation, meat that is corrupted with anti-infection agents. At the point when shoppers in the United States go to the supermarket or market, we are so rushed in our lives that checking where the food originates from regularly isn't of significance. In the event that shoppers are to roll out an improvement, they first should be instructed, and this requires significant investment, so somebody needs to get the word out, and for an enormous scope. I would contact significant media areas and cause them to notice the issue. I would look at Internet sources and make online journals or posts of my own. I myself would turn into an informed customer and quit purchasing these items. I would address clinical experts, for example, my family doctor to get some information about the potential risks of eating meat and poultry that had been taken care of anti-toxins, and I would change my eating routine in like manner. I may even get my own hens if my city permitted that in city cutoff points, and I would propose to others that they do likewise. I would share what I know with others and decline to purchase items from creature plants. This is the force that I hold as a purchaser, and I would use it to fathom this moral difficulty.

Finance analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Account investigation - Essay Example In this investigation, it was required to figure the Net Present Value of an undertaking for a given organization and make a suggestion on whether the venture is advantageous or not. The NPV of an undertaking is the contrast between the current estimations of its money inflows and its money expenses. The NPV strategy utilizes the limited income technique and limits the incomes at the pace of the expense of capital (Smart and Megginson, 2008, p. 261). Also, this paper incorporates planning a capital planning model that can be utilized to assessed comparable ventures. Research on Model Design The customary utilization of money related models is to assess the budgetary possibility of a proposed venture. Such models can be used to research the different speculation options that are accessible, so as to pick the most suitable one. By and large budgetary models are intended to evaluate a specific capital planning venture. Capital planning decisions should be founded on incomes, rather than bookkeeping benefits. Furthermore it is the steady incomes that are appropriate. When all is said in done, a task is embraced if the NPV of the gradual incomes produced from it is seen as positive. Nonetheless, there might be occasions when a Company has different ventures to browse yet because of spending imperative, the firm’s the board probably won't have the option to choose all the tasks that have a positive NPV. In such cases, the activities having higher estimations of NPV are selected over those which have sub-par NPV values. At the point when the tasks are totally unrelated, the one having the most elevated NPV is picked and the others dismissed (Gallagher and Andrew, 2007, p. 270). It is realized that spreadsheets are appropriate and valuable gadget that are used in the appraisal of capital activities. The most widely recognized strategies utilized in these models are the NPV and the IRR, however different techniques like recompense period and bookkeeping return ar e additionally utilized. The survey of writing uncovered that the most well known and freely accessible capital planning models were the one made for evaluating interests in ranger service. A portion of these models contain the FARMTREE model, Agro Forestry Estate model, Australian Farm Forestry Financial Model and the Australian Cabinet Timbers Financial Model (Dayananda et al, 2002, pp. 237-240). These models are intended to assess ranger service ventures and inferable from their huge scope and select prerequisite are entangled in nature. Then again, the model arranged for the examination of the MP3 player venture has been worked by its tweaked necessities and subsequently most appropriate. This model is easy to use and even a layman would be happy with utilizing it for assessing comparable activities. The model has been made to such an extent, that regardless of whether the info factors and the related connections are changed, the model would have the option to suit the changes. Capital Budgeting Model and the clarification of the Outputs For the computation of the NPV of the new MP3 player creation venture that is being considered by the Company, it is significant to decide the incomes identified with the undertaking. The incomes can be assembled as follows: Initial capital surge Operating income during the project’s life (for this situation: 5 years) Cash stream during the terminal year of the undertaking The underlying capital outpouring of the organization incorporated the preparation cost, the retirement bundle, the working capital prerequisite and the gear cost, for example $158,701,000. The parts of the working incomes in the following five years have

The Misinterpretation Of Reality by Arthur Miller - Free Essay Example

Whenever hysteria occurs, it appears to tolerate the misinterpretation of reality, unspeakable actions and baseless allegations causing societies to break. In the novel The Crucible, Arthur Miller the author of the book, depicts this throughout the story. The Crucible takes place in the Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts, in the year 1692. There are several key settings throughout the story. The entire book is about how an insignificant group of girls create mass hysteria in a small town, and how it impacts hundreds of people. The story begins when a group of girls dance in the woods with a black slave named Tituba. While they dance, they are discovered by Reverend Parris, the local minister of Salem. Betty, Parris daughter, fall unconscious on the ground when she sees him. Soon people gather up in Parris home while rumors about witchcraft go around the town. Everything and everyone in Salem simply belongs to God or to the devil; argument is not merely illegal, it is linked with satanic activity. This contrast functions as the underlying logic of why the witch trials take place. Hysteria plays an important role in the town of Salem through power of manipulation and fear which is evident in the decisions of those who accuse, those who are accused and those who judge them. Back in history, women usually stayed at home, cleaned the house and cooked and sewed. They didnt go out to work as often and many girls didnt even get to go to school. Men were considered to be much more important than women, white people were considered of high status than any other race and the wealthy had more position and power than the poor. The Crucible portrays these divisions, and privileges that certain characters have over the other and how they accuse and manipulate people to their own advantage. Firstly, when Parris say, Such a Christian that will not come to church but once in a month!(Miller 84) or Hers come to overthrow this court, Your Honour(Miller 85). He is unhesitant to blame people that didnt like him, and tries to win favour in the town by being a kiss-up to the judges. Also, in his desperate attempt to protect his reputation, he conveniently hid the fact that Abigail Williams had been caught casting spells in the forest. As Miller says,the paranoid, real or pretended, always secretes its pearl around a grain of fact. Blinded by keeping their public reputation, the people of Salem fear that the sins of their friends, family and their close ones will taint their names. Furthermore, Mrs. Putnams believes, If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his propertykilling neighbors for their land(Miller 89). She was too obsessed on blaming other people for the death of her children. She had already turned to witchcraft to find out who murdered her children and without a th ought she jumped on the accusation bandwagon. As Miller says, Not everybody was accused, after all, so there must be some reason why you were. Thomas caused his daughter to cry out against people whose land he wanted to acquire when they were imprisoned. This shows that hysteria only thrives because people benefit from it. Likewise, there is Abigail Williams who accuses Mary Warren,But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary(Miller 106). When people are inclined to die for a justification, unfortunately theyre often willing to kill for that same justification. In The Crucible, the belief that witchcraft was a manifestation of Satans presence in their town caused them, in their religious vehemence, to eradicate or kill any indications of witchcraft that was thought to be against god. As Weales says, A mood of mass hysteria in which guilt and confession become public virtues. Abby realizes the power of hysteria and uses the situation to accuse Mary Warren of witchcraft and have her sent to jai l. This was significant because if someone was accused and denied the accusations, they were immediately hung, but if one confessed, all they did was muddy their names and not stay true to their faith. Consequently, the people of Salem accept and become active in the hysterical climate not only out of sincere religious holiness or devotion but also because it gives them an opportunity to express repressed sentiments and resentments. Hysteria also plays out in destroying several innocent peoplers lives, mainly because the people of Salem committed ridiculously irrational acts guided by their suppressed emotions, for instance rage and greed or out of utter oafishness. This shows how easy it is for people to accuse one another without any hard evidence due to the fickle nature of the court in town. This is best illustrated through Giles Corey when he said, It discomfits me! Last night mark this I tried and tried and could not say my prayers. And then she close her book and walks out of the house, and suddenly mark this I could pray again!(Miller 38). Later in the story his wife is being accused of cursing the pigs and reading fortunes and when asked the name of the accuser, they say it was Giles who accused her own wife. When she is arrested, he regrets talking about the books and tells the court that he only said she read them, not that she was into witchcraft. But it was already too late. In the same way, Elizabeth, John Proctorrs wife was accused by Abigail Williams who wanted to get rid of his wife so they can be together. But John realizes his sins and confesses to the court of Adultery and the only reason why Abigail is accusing his wife is that she wants to replace her, as John announces, But it is a whorers vengeance(102). As Ditsky observes, The case of Abigail involves moral choice in spite of enlightenment of sorts of the side of wrong by this partner in John Proctorrs love affair. When Elizabeth finds out that Abigail is the one who accused her, she immediately tells John that Abigail is taking a big chance in accusing her, since Elizabeth is a farmerrs wife with some status. But little did she know that Abigail is gambling it all to go after John. Consequently, John tries to convince Mary Warren to testify against her, but Abigail, through her manipulative ability shifts the accusation back onto Mary. In a foolish attempt to save herself, Mary charges John that he forced her to do by saying,He come at me by night and every day to sign, to sign, to-(Miller 121). In brief, the unrelenting desire to want more and own more generated an environment that vitalized falsehood, deception and manipulation among neighbours. This draws the extreme lengths the characters are willing to go to and the innocent lives they are ready to destroy just to have the thing they desire leads to the witch trials. Many characters struggle with judgement before and after the events in the story, trying to figure out if the outcomes of their actions are just or not. Making a judgement on somebody may seem harmless and inconspicuous, but it can be catastrophic. The Crucible outlines this through peoplers poor judgement that led to mass hysteria and calamity in the town of Salem. Take for example Danforth who said, Do you know Mr. Proctor, that the entire contention of the state in these trials is that the voice of Haven is speaking through the children?(82). Danforth has already decided that the girls are innocent and are speaking truthfully, that God is speaking through them, and so anyone they accuse must automatically be guilty. This is clearly the kind of bias that prevents people from getting fair trials and assigns an absurd amount of power to the undeserving. As Miller says, the plot justified the crushing of all nuance, all the shading that a realistic judgement of reality requires. Danforthrs Judgement, which he is always very single-minded and strict about, is obviously wrong: Elizabeth, Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse are not witches at all. Danforth cant change his mind, even after all the evidence, reasoning and rationale points him towards being wrong. Danforth mindlessly believes that a reliable judge must never reconsider his stance. In contrast, there is Hale who confronts, Excellency, I have signed seventy-two death warrants; I am a minister of the Lord, and I dare not take a life without there be a proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it(Miller 92). As the story goes on, his motive starts to change. When faced with the truth, he is unsure about accepting his mistake, probably because he never imagined the idea of the accusers being wrong. If this was the case, then all the death warrants he has signed where a mistake, resulting in the innocent deaths being placed on his shoulders. Also, confessing his sins would automatically destroy his reputation as well as publicrs trust. Lastly, Hathorne with a mystical tone, says: God be praised! It is a providence! He rushes out the door, and his voice is heard calling down the corridor, He will confess! Proctor will confess!(127). As time, the executions go by, Danforth and Hathorne stay convicted of the authority and truth of the court. Hathorne becomes extremely joyful when John Proctor is ready to falsely confess to witchcraft. Hathorne regrets nothing. As a result, hysteria overrides logic and allows people to believe that their neighbours, whom they have always considered honest and upright people, are committing ridiculous and far-fetched crimes namely interacting with the devil, killing babies, and so on. In conclusion, hysteria plays a major role in bringing unreasonable acts to the people of Salem. There is no room for deviation from social norms, as anyone whose private life is not in accordance with established moral laws poses a threat not only to the public good but also to God and his religion. This creates an environment in which people act on their grievance and resentments, which is illustrated by many characters throughout the story, as they eventually destroy each other in the process. Hysteria is displayed by societies all over the world. It is a crucial aspect in establishing and, in particular, breaking relationships.

Communication From Child s Family And / Or Specialist

There are million different ways to communicate. When someone’s communication received by none one all the time or all most of time, it will be frustrating, because the person are not treated as a full human being. Barriers to doing and barriers to being can be removed when shared communication is facilitated. The first step to allow communication to flow in early childhood centre, educator require to understand and research about children’s communication from child’s family and/or specialist. As educator we need to support for communication by make sure that we are facilitating that successful shared communication, allows different communication to be use in the center, and to enable everyone to be heard, and to enrich different communication in the centre, because it is a human right, and fundamental to inclusion, so when Amari’s start attending the centre, other children can understand and respect Amari’s language. Educator can also teach children some of the basic key sign language for children to communicate with Amari, or educator can plan activities and learn the sign language that is around Amari’s interest to make Amari feel welcome. A wide variety of communication format need to introduce to the children, for children to understand there are different ways to decoded and deliver different type of communication, and promote inclusive practices. This can also enable children receive communication in different format, and allows communication to flow for everyoneShow MoreRelatedChronic Illness Of The American Population947 Words   |  4 PagesA child is not their disease, neither is their family. However, it is often difficult for them to disconnect their self from the detrimental effects of it. In spite of the fact that the majority of the American population appears quite healthy, over 32 million children are currently suffering from a chronic illness. 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Essay about Regular vs. Special Education Classes

I posed this question prior to my research; do special education students receive the same attention and level of education as students in regular education? Through investigation and observation, I explored the differences between regular education classrooms and special education classrooms to see if there were in fact inequalities between the two. Prior to doing research, I assumed that all education was alike, and that regardless of special needs, the educational institution provided an equal opportunity for all students to learn. This paper will show the level of equity and reflect on the social justice of special education in the current school platform. It will outline the research that I have conducted and demonstrate the†¦show more content†¦The teacher spent the majority of her day controlling the classroom and tending to needs outside education, for example grooming and inappropriate behavior. In this type of setting, there should a full-time aide for every t wo children. When I asked the teacher why she did not have the aides, she said â€Å"there is just no money, the school is already in danger of shutting down, and we can’t afford to spend money when it is not an absolute need†. The teacher also pointed out that she had no chalk, no paper, and no paper clips, just to name a few of supplies needed to run a successful classroom. The staff used the last of the office supplies for the month and had to wait another week until they can replenish the stock. The teachers, aides, and staff work exhausting long days to provide for these students and see very little in return. After spending the day at the Therapeutic Day School, I see a great need for funding. The facilities are not equipped for students who have such a variety of disabilities. Unfortunately, because there is not enough money for teachers, students are falling behind when they could excel at a higher rate. The second classroom that I observed in was a Resource Room at a public elementary school. The resource room was strategically placed in the farthest corner of the school, away from the sight of visitors. This classroom had students with a higher cognitive level and less emotional and behavioral disorders; however, theseShow MoreRelatedSpecial Education : The Issue Within The Classroom1357 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 1B 23 March 2016 Special Education: The issue within the classroom Republican United States Senator, Bill Frist once stated â€Å"Every child should have the opportunity to receive a quality education†. That statement could reflect what the general public owes to all children, an opportunity to achieve their potential. So it is vital to make the most ideal learning environment for that to happen. That is the reason educators propose to continue implementing self-contained classes, commonly referredRead MoreFull Vs. Partial Inclusion980 Words   |  4 PagesFull vs. Partial Inclusion in Quà ©bec Schools Controversy: The MELS Policy on Special Education (1999) favors full integration of students with special needs into the regular classroom, including students with severe disabilities or handicaps, creating cause for concern regarding the needs of regular students in spite of assurances, at least in principle, of a balanced approach. This brief paper attempts to argue from the available evidence that full inclusion, one of the options proposed by the Quà ©becRead MoreInclusion in Our Public Schools Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesmentally disabled, special, mentally challenged, these are just a few of the names we have all heard in reference to individuals who have disabilities. Despite the ongoing war against what to call these people, an even bigger war wages upon the notion of letting these children into normal classes or not. The war over total inclusion has been on the front line for well over forty years, and no end is in sight. The definition of inclusion is stated by Robert Fieldman and Pearson Education as the integrationRead MoreEssay on Inclusion and Least Restrictive Environment 921 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many problems with today’s education, but one of the main problems would be the topic of inclusion vs. self-contained classroom. Many people have different opinions on this topic. For instance, some believe that disabled children should be separated from non-disabled children in classrooms, while others believe they should not be separated. There are many advantages and disadvantages to both sides of this situation. The views of both of these choices are completely opposite. On one sideRead MoreHigh Expectations And Appropriate Accountability1209 Words   |  5 Pagesshould be held to high expectations and appropriate accountability, even in a traditional school setting. 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The traditional classroom environment for children with special needs is to be in their own classrooms with specificRead MoreInclusion in the Public School Classroom Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthem in the general education class with the â€Å"regular† learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where children spend part of their day in a regular education setting and the rest of the da y in a special education or resource classRead MoreChildren With Disabilities : Right Vs Wrong1105 Words   |  5 PagesTierra West Children with Disabilities: Right Vs Wrong Tennessee State University â€Æ' Proposed research Topic- Children with disabilities and their education: Right Vs Wrong Research Question-Should children with learning disabilities be allowed in classrooms or should they have their own class with professionally trained special needs teachers Introduction It was stated that not everyone including teachers and students are excited about disabled students being in the mainstream classroom. TheRead MoreImplications Of Section 504 Of The Rehabilitation Action Of 1973 Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesto annually identify all students with disabilities and provide regular or special education that meets the needs of those students. Schools must also be careful to make sure students with disabilities are educated with nondisabled students as often as possible. Schools have various curricular options in regards to Section 504 when it comes to modifications and accommodations. Most of the accommodations can be made within the regular classroom. For example, accommodations may involve a seating arrangementRead MoreEssay1706 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education A. The six key components are as follows: 1. Zero Reject/FAPE: This says that all children ages 6-17, no matter what their physical/mental ability, are guaranteed the right to a free public education. 2. Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation: This was put into place so that a child could not be placed into special education because of things such as a language barrier. Because of this component, for example, a child would not be assessed in English if

Artifact Description free essay sample

I dated the document as when Barton actually was given permission to first go to the battlefield by Colonel Pucker. Then, I signed it as the colonel for authenticity. To be properly and appropriately clothed, Barton wore a dress even on the battlefield as it was disrespectful to wear anything less. The ~’Angel of the Battlefield was known to wear a dress and apron. This artifact explains how Clara Barton was dressed most of the time. Miss Barton was given the task of finding and identifying missing soldiers, prisoners of war, and also dead men. Shed write to family members of these heroes to tell of her findings. In this artifact, the letter is written from Clara Barton to ask people if they have seen any soldiers. One of Miss Bartons later accomplishments was that of helping come up with the original first aid kits. This small and accessible tool forever changed the practice of nursing. We will write a custom essay sample on Artifact Description or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has a variety of helpful things in the case of an emergency. The First Aid Kit has developed over the years and has contributed to getting aid quickly. The amethyst pansy brooch and smoky topaz brooch presented to Miss Barton by her dear friend, the Grand Duchess Louise, became her most cherished possessions. Clara Barton wore this brooch everywhere she went. It was one of her most valued possessions as well. â€Å"A Memory of Salferino,† by Harry Dunant was one of her favorite books to read in free time. The book gave her many inspirations and ideas of what to do in her life, it motivated her completely. The artifact helped her decide who she wanted to become. A newspaper was written in honor of Clara Barton. It explains why Barton should be entered into the power hall of fame. The artifact was written a few years later after Clara Barton’s death and showed her impact and accomplishments. As I was looking through a box of Clara Barton’s belongings, I found a letter that was written to one of her cousins during the time of The Civil War. The artifact above expresses her feelings to her cousin and how she really misses her. It was one of the pages from her diary. An artifact which was the most important to Clara Barton was the picture of her father. He was a huge impact on Clara Barton’s life and after his death; she kept his picture with her through all of her journeys.

Report of Experiences in Assessments in Matoska International School

Introduction At Matoska International School, assessment is one of the key elements of the teaching and learning process. Assessment is concerned with the gathering of valuable feedback from student in term of what the student know, what the students feel and what the students are able to do at various stages of the teaching learning process in response to what they have learned.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Report of Experiences in Assessments in Matoska International School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The school has multi faceted assessment criteria that aim at evaluating different types of learning such as skills, knowledge and attitudes. It also means that students are an integral part of the assessment process and that the students are encouraged to develop critical thinking as well as a self evaluation mentality. Assessment at Matoska International School is not only for the purpose of gatherin g information for the sake of enriching the teaching and learning process but is intended to aid in the development of students’ learning and learned abilities. As such it is an ongoing process that also involves the environment, the community as well as the student’s family members. The student is continuously informed of the assessment criteria and adequately prepared before any assessment test is administered (Matoska n.d). Assessment is therefore a continuous process of varied activities intended to develop the student and involves various parties such as the parent community, and the family members while the student is the central figure in the entire process. Assessment methods At Matoska, teaching and learning is multifaceted and as such the assessment criteria is modeled along the Bloom concept of learning domains. It evaluates various aspects of learning such as knowledge skills and attitudes. Knowledge learned is assessed through summative tests at the end of every learning unit. The learner is required to define, describe, knows, lists, or recall knowledge learned. The learner is also expected to show the ability to analyze knowledge learned. Assessment also tests the learner’s attitudes. This involves testing whether the learner’s skills, concept and beliefs have been affected by what has been learned. As such the learner will be observed to identify how he/she cooperates, influences, questions and internalizes learned values. Furthermore, assessment is also intended to evaluate the learners ‘doing’ abilities. This includes testing the learner fro creating, constructing, composing designing and such other physical abilities. Assessment involves both qualitative and quantitative evaluation.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quantitative assessment involves awarding of numerical score or grades while qualitat ive assessment appeals to a teachers emotion and responses such as good, satisfactory, excellent are involved. Qualitative assessment is used in assessing both written and unwritten tests. Furthermore, assessment also tests a learners psychomotor skills; the ability of the students to do what they have learned in class. Therefore, the assessment at Matoska involves a variety of methods (Matoska n.d). To begin with the teachers use the paper pencil methods. This involves written response where students will write tests that may either involve multiple choices, short answers or essays. Written assessment is done both as a continuous measurement method of a student learning. Therefore it is achieved through writing daily class room assignment as well as the end of every learning unit or semesters exams. Non paper and pencil assessment involves unwritten evaluation such oral tests and manual task. A student is required to give oral responses to questions as well as completing manual tas ks such as simple laboratory experiments while following simple procedures. Unwritten assessment is also part of co curricula activities such as debating, group discussions, music, as well as sports and physical education. The teacher will also observe the student developmental needs in communication skills, interpersonal skills and the way the student relates to the environment around them (Gredler1999). The purpose of assessment The methods mentioned above are student centered and as such the main purpose of using them is to make the student be part of teaching learning process. Thus the student becomes an active participant in the learning process. Students are encouraged to develop self evaluation mechanism and as such they reflect on what they have learned. They are therefore become aware of their own personal academic progress and as such the student will make self directed effort to improve their grade (Matsoka, n.d; Badders, 2000). The tools mentioned above are also very use ful in gathering information about the teaching learning process. This information is valuable as it will inform the teaching methods applied to the whole class in general as well as for specific learners. Diagnostic tests help the teacher to understand the student entry level knowledge and learning needs. Assessment is also part of the professional teacher’s duty. At Matoska, teachers are supposed to administer tests and examinations at predetermined times in fulfillment of their professional duties. Such include Minnesota Comprehensive Assessment, administered every spring to students to grades 3 to 5 (Matoska n.d.).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Report of Experiences in Assessments in Matoska International School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Assessment generates valuable information As mentioned earlier, the methods of assessment are used to generate valuable information about the entire tea ching and learning process. The tools for assessment thus have been able to yield valuable information to the teacher as follows. Over a given period of learning a student takes a series of tests of which an average score is calculated. Continuous tests measures learning abilities on given topics. These tests are used by the teacher as to gauge the student’s immediate needs per topic which are addressed before progress to the next topic. Therefore the tests help in gathering information about a student’s continuous progress and needs. The averaging of tests scored is very useful in giving an accurate measure of a student’s academic performance over a given period of time, such a school semester. The series of assessment test a variety of knowledge, skills and talents. This reveals students’ strength, weaknesses and development needs (Marzano 2006). The assessment has also been very valuable in yielding information on teaching methods that will aid a stude nt’s improved learning. It is through assessment that teachers identify weak areas and thus have to vary teaching methods to address those areas (Matoska n.d.). If students score poorly in communication skills or have poor written skills, the teacher will vary the teaching methods, to incorporate teaching communication, both verbal and written. Rating assessment methods The assessment methods applicable at Matoska have been rated very highly and proved satisfactory. The purposes of using these particular methods have had a very significant impact on the curriculum at Matoska International School. These methods are very valid as have allowed students to exhibit what they know and are able to do. Such assessment includes writing down grammatically correct sentences, ability to identify herbivore from carnivores among other activities. The scores for these assessments are recorded, analyzed and used for future reference as well as improving the learning process at the school. Th e assessments are reliably useful as they can be applied to all students at all time not only in Matoska but in other schools in the district. These assessments have been able to produce similar results if applied to various schools and students at different times. They also produce data reliable data that that accurately reflects individual student’s knowledge, attitudes and skills learned.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assessment methods are also upgraded periodically to reflect the current thinking in classroom assessment. Furthermore, the methods have been structured in such a way that they address the time available. This reflects the efficiency of the methods in use (Badders 2000). Insight and problems encountered The assessment process has yielded useful insights. Credible assessment is an interactive process between teaching and the learning process where the student is the central figures in the whole process. It therefore means that communication is valuable in the whole process as goals and intentions have to be clearly communicated to the student. To facilitate this mean that the relationship between the student and teacher has to be right for any effective communication to occur. Traditional assessment only involved the teacher as the only one who would develop assessment tools. However modern methods are also encouraging the student to do a self evaluation that will help in student dir ected studying. There are also some problems encountered in using the assessment methods identified in this essay. Assessment is a much more complicated affair especially when it comes to qualitative assessment. The use of adjective such a s good, excellent and such other words that express the quality of learning do not have a universal application because of their subjective nature. What is satisfactory performance to one student may be poor performance from another. Therefore qualitative assessment becomes difficult when assessing student with varying abilities using the same criteria (Black Dylan, 1998). Conclusion Teaching, learning and assessment have symbiotic relationship. Teaching and learning are directed towards assessment while assessment is directed towards further learning which may result in further assessment. As such none can exist without the other. Traditional assessment was content oriented but with changes in the education system, a more student approach has be en adopted. This has resulted in better assessment methods being adopted which have lead to improvement of educational standards. Matoska International School values assessment as an integral part of its teaching and learning process. It is also student centered and as such other than assessing knowledge, the student’s attitudes and physical abilities are also part of assessment the intention of which is to produce an all rounded individual. Reference List Badders, W. ( 2000). Methods of assessment. Web. Black, P., Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy Practice5 (1). Web. Gredler, M. (1999). Classroom assessment and learning. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. Marzano, R. (2006). Classroom assessment and grading that work. Virginia: ASCD. Matoska International PYP assessment policy. Web. This term paper on Report of Experiences in Assessments in Matoska International School was written and submitted by user Sage Durham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Events Leading to the 1959 Tibetan Uprising

Events Leading to the 1959 Tibetan Uprising Chinese artillery shells pummeled the Norbulingka, the Dalai Lamas summer palace, sending plumes of smoke, fire, and dust into the night sky. The centuries-old building crumbled under the barrage, while the badly outnumbered Tibetan Army fought desperately to repel the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) from Lhasa. Meanwhile, amidst the snows of the high Himalaya, the teenaged Dalai Lama and his bodyguards endured a cold and treacherous two-week-long journey into India. Origins of the Tibetan Uprising of 1959 Tibet had an ill-defined relationship with Chinas Qing Dynasty (1644-1912); at various times it could have been seen as an ally, an opponent, a tributary state, or a region within Chinese control. In 1724, during a Mongol invasion of Tibet, the Qing seized the opportunity to incorporate the Tibetan regions of Amdo and Kham into China proper. The central area was renamed Qinghai, while pieces of both regions were broken off and added to other western Chinese provinces. This land grab would fuel Tibetan resentment and unrest into the twentieth century. When the last Qing Emperor fell in 1912, Tibet asserted its independence from China. The 13th Dalai Lama returned from three years of exile in Darjeeling, India, and resumed control of Tibet from his capital at Lhasa. He ruled until his death in 1933. China, meanwhile, was under siege from a Japanese invasion of Manchuria, as well as a general breakdown of order across the country. Between 1916 and 1938, China descended into the Warlord Era, as different military leaders fought for control of the headless state. In fact, the once-great empire would not pull itself back together until after World War II, when Mao Zedong and the Communists triumphed over the Nationalists in 1949. Meanwhile, a new incarnation of the Dalai Lama was discovered in Amdo, part of Chinese Inner Tibet. Tenzin Gyatso, the current incarnation, was brought to Lhasa as a two-year-old in 1937  and was enthroned as the leader of Tibet in 1950, at 15. China Moves In and Tensions Rise In 1951, Maos gaze turned west. He decided to liberate Tibet from the Dalai Lamas rule and bring it into the Peoples Republic of China. The PLA crushed Tibets tiny armed forces in a matter of weeks; Beijing then imposed the Seventeen Point Agreement, which Tibetan officials were forced to sign (but later renounced). According to the Seventeen Point Agreement, the privately-held land would be socialized and then redistributed, and farmers would work communally. This system would first be imposed on Kham and Amdo (along with other areas of the Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces), before being instituted in Tibet proper. All the barley and other crops produced on the communal land went to the Chinese government, according to Communist principles, and then some were redistributed to the farmers. So much of the grain was appropriated for use by the PLA that the Tibetans did not have enough to eat. By June of 1956, the ethnic Tibetan people of Amdo and Kham were up in arms. As more and more farmers were stripped of their land, tens of thousands organized themselves into armed resistance groups  and began to fight back. Chinese army reprisals grew increasingly brutal and included wide-spread abuse of Tibetan Buddhist monks and nuns. China alleged that many of the monastic Tibetans acted as messengers for the guerrilla fighters. The Dalai Lama visited India in 1956  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹and admitted to Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru that he was considering asking for asylum. Nehru advised him to return home, and the Chinese Government promised that communist reforms in Tibet would be postponed and that the number of Chinese officials in Lhasa would be reduced by half. Beijing did not follow through on these pledges. By 1958, as many as 80,000 people had joined the Tibetan resistance fighters. Alarmed, the Dalai Lamas government sent a delegation to Inner Tibet to try and negotiate an end to the fighting. Ironically, the guerrillas convinced the delegates of the righteousness of the fight, and Lhasas representatives soon joined in the resistance! Meanwhile, a flood of refugees and freedom fighters moved into Lhasa, bringing their anger against China with them. Beijings representatives in Lhasa kept careful tabs on the growing unrest within Tibets capital city. March  1959 - The Uprising Erupts in Tibet Proper Important religious leaders had disappeared suddenly in Amdo and Kham, so the people of Lhasa were quite concerned about the safety of the Dalai Lama. The peoples suspicions, therefore, were raised immediately when the Chinese Army in Lhasa invited His Holiness to watch a drama at the military barracks on March 10, 1959. Those suspicions were reinforced by a none-too-subtle order, issued to the head of the Dalai Lamas security detail on March 9, that the Dalai Lama should not bring along his bodyguards. On the appointed day, March 10, some 300,000 protesting Tibetans poured into the streets and formed a massive human cordon around  Norbulingkha, the Dalai Lamas Summer Palace, to protect him from the planned Chinese abduction. The protestors stayed for several days, and calls for the Chinese to pull out of Tibet altogether grew louder each day. By March 12, the crowd had begun to barricade the streets of the capital, while both armies moved into strategic positions around the city and began to reinforce them. Ever the moderate, the  Dalai Lama  pleaded with his people to go  home  and sent placatory letters to the Chinese PLA commander in Lhasa. When the PLA moved artillery into  the range  of the Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama agreed to evacuate the building. Tibetan troops prepared a secure escape route out of the besieged capital on March 15. When two artillery shells struck the palace two days later, the young Dalai Lama and his ministers began the arduous 14-day trek over the Himalayas  for  India. On March 19, 1959, fighting broke out in earnest in Lhasa. The Tibetan army fought bravely, but they were vastly outnumbered by the PLA. In addition, the Tibetans had antiquated weapons. The firefight lasted just two days. The Summer Palace, Norbulingka, sustained over 800 artillery shell strikes that killed an unknown number of people inside; the major monasteries were bombed, looted and burned. Priceless Tibetan Buddhist texts and works of art were piled in the streets and burned. All remaining members of the Dalai Lamas bodyguard corps were lined up and publicly executed, as were any Tibetans discovered with weapons. In all, some 87,000 Tibetans were killed, while another 80,000 arrived in neighboring countries as refugees. An unknown number tried to  flee  but did not make it. In fact, by the time of the next regional census, a total of about 300,000 Tibetans were missing - killed, secretly jailed, or gone into exile. Aftermath of the 1959 Tibetan Uprising Since the 1959 Uprising, the central government of China has been steadily tightening its grip on the Tibet. Although Beijing has invested in infrastructure improvements for the region, particularly in Lhasa itself, it has also encouraged thousands of ethnic Han Chinese to move to Tibet. In fact, Tibetans have been swamped in their own capital; they now constitute a minority of the population of Lhasa. Today, the Dalai Lama continues to head the Tibetan government-in-exile from Dharamshala, India. He advocates increased autonomy for Tibet, rather than full independence, but the Chinese government generally refuses to negotiate with him. Periodic unrest still sweeps through Tibet, especially around important dates such as March 10 to 19 - the anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan Uprising.

Strategies for Improving Nursing Staff Recruitment and Retention Research Paper

Strategies for Improving Nursing Staff Recruitment and Retention - Research Paper Example This study did entail evaluation of the various techniques that will enhance the appreciation of this profession. It is evident enrollment in nursing is influenced by elements that are inside if not externally instigated. It was the objective of this study to examine these elements and present a comprehensive outlook of enrollment and retention of nursing personnel in the nursing occupation. Introduction According to Castle and Longest (2006), nursing is one of the fundamental professions that are necessary to facilitate the healthy continuity of existence. It entails the additional medical services over the ones that are conducted by doctors. They comprise of the prime collection of health workforce and are liable for the medical transition of patients to better form after the doctor’s treatment and prescription. It is imperative that the health segment incorporates mechanisms that will enable the recruitment and maintenance of the nurses. Schmidt (2004) asserts that this entails the issuance of qualitative attendance by the nurses hence ensuring the patient acquires efficient care. However, the issuance of qualitative attendance by the health practitioners is doubtful following the vacancies of nursing personnel in the health institutions. A proportion of the public backlash is to the management organs of the nursing institutions for their laxity in ensuring they produce com petent practitioners who are capable o handling the complications of their occupation (Schmidt 2004). The rationale that defines the objectives and principles of nursing requires being the motivation of health personnel and surpassing other interests. Problem Statement According to Castle and Longest (2006), the issue of nursing morale is becoming the highlight of the health sector. Numerous nurses are displaying their dissatisfaction with the policies and remuneration with the health sector by withdrawing their services when the patients are in dire need. Universally, nursing is undergoing critical shortages, which is undermining the â€Å"quality assurance† in the clinical services. Inadequate remuneration is a chief influence on their discontent in the health segment and remains a sensitive concern of that debate. Retention of nurses is becoming challenging to numerous health providers since they are experiencing low morale within the nursing employees. Improvement of enro llment and retention in nursing is vital for attainment of organizational goals and enable the advancement of health. This review is resulting from the increase in shortages of nurses in undertaking their tasks and is severally attributed to payment issues. This essay seeks to evaluate the various aspects that define morale in the occupation of nursing. Case report Health institutions and observers are insistent on increasing the self-esteem of health practitioners. Evidently, the input of nurses is significant in facilitating the enhancement of healthy living standards. Numerous researchers are examining the subject of nurses esteem owing to their significance in health dispensation. Their contribution is essential, in

IS setup Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IS setup - Essay Example In the recent times, the sales have been decreasing and the new CEO has contributed it to the lack of technology in its operation. It is observed that an effective computer based information system would greatly improve and improvise the delays in the various operations of the firm and help give it a competitive advantage. I agree with the CEO because the current functioning of the firm delays the access to vital information for efficient decision making vis-Ã  -vis various managerial decision making. There is lack of effective communication amongst the various branches which increases the overhead costs considerably. The diverse units of FYC need to be linked through effective system that would facilitate sharing of information within the departments and within the branches. Access to information represents the basic precondition for success of a firm (Drucker, 1998). Access to information is vital part of organizational management processes as it not only promotes efficiency and knowledge based discharge of duties by the employees but it a great tool for the management to exploit the available information to improve its performance. It would also facilitate timely and regular communication amongst the employees and branches. Information provides wide ranging knowledge about the existing and emerging paradigms of the business world which may have considerable impact on the organizational performance outcomes. Hence, organizations need to develop a comprehensive information system that would promote and accelerate the organizational aims and objectives. Use of IS would facilitate higher level of efficiency and organizational growth which would offset a competitive advantage over their rivals. Information system development is the new methodology of storing and manipulating strategic business information that are designed to improve the overall business prospects. The ISD has been evolved to encompass various spheres of the business including

Psle in Singapore Debate Essay Example for Free

Psle in Singapore Debate Essay In this commentary, I chose my artefact as a newspaper article on PSLE stress because of many reasons. 1) I had always harbored a strong interest on what everyone is saying about this hot topic and it seemed very interesting, stating just one problem that Singapore currently face. 2) Other than that, it is a topic that is easy to research, unlike some historic things which are little-mentioned (e.g. the banana note, the merdeka talks,etc) 3) Last but not least,it is a topic that is widely discussed on and more sources can be found My view on the issue of PSLE Singaporeans have long since been debating whether to remove PSLE. I personally do not think that PSLE should be removed. On the issue of abolishing PSLE, my concern is if we do not have the PSLE, when it comes to the entrance to secondary schools, how do you decide who goes to which school? I sometimes wish we were a bit like Hogwarts in Harry Potter, where you have the sorting hat that decides which house you go to. But in reality, we do not have a sorting hat and how do we decide who goes to which school? If you did not do it according to grades and scores, how would you do it? Another way would be to do it geographically, where you go into the secondary school nearest to your home, but if you did that, everybody will be fighting to be in the primary school near the secondary school you want to be in. PSLE assess how much you have learnt over the six years in primary school and then allocates you to a secondary school according to your abilities and/or choice. If you remove it, you might as well say to remove all exams. On abolishing PSLE, lets presume we do away with it, then how do we decide who goes to which school? If which school you are going is decided on does the Principal know your father or your mother? then its not a very meritocratic system nor is it acceptable. It is totally, I think, against Singapore’s system. If it is to be decided by the distance and you live very near a very good school, can you imagine the pressure to enter a primary school that is near the secondary school you want to go to. If a sudent had done very badly, but he or she stays very near a good secondary school, he would get in, but a person who did better and stays lets say 10km away would not be able to enter if according to that policy. Imagine how disappointed he or she will feel. One question, is that fair? No doubt many people would say it is not.There is a whole range of scenarios that will come up if Singapore removes PSLE as the sorting exam. The question is how will Singapore deal with it? The real angst about PSLE is the pressure, and the real reason why you have the pressure is that parents perceive that certain schools will give the advantage of getting into university. So, the answer would maybe be to try to make sure that across the board, every school is a good school and that society should change their mindset that a child needs to get into a good school in order to get into university ( which acoording to a survey, is a goalfor many paents. One of the goals of the Singapore government would be ( I think)to make sure that no matter which school students go to, you have a chance to get into a university and even if you do not get into a university, the other options are also pathways to success. I hope that under this system, each person can be the best he or she can be, whether or not that person has a university degree. Why is PSLE bad? 1)Poor education system However, just because I do not think PSLE should be removed doesn’t mean that I totally think it should remain the same. I think, PSLE should not have such a big effect on what type of school a secondary student goes to. In PSLE, the focus tends to be on the aggregate score, which reports each students overall performance in comparison with the entire cohort. Its called a T-score, or transformed score. Its derived through a certain computation and basically provides a ranking of the entire cohort.* The T-score itself doesnt actually tell the student how well he has performed in each subject or across all the subjects. In affect, it is a queue number. Thus, I think, to put the stress off the students shoulder a little. PSLE should form only about 35% of the final grades. This system also has its benefits as the students will not be so focused on the final examination. They might slack for five years and only start to really work when they are in primary 6. I have the same opinion on all the other major exams too. Also, more weight should be placed on continual assessments, conducted on every semester. Everything is more manageable when it is broken into small parts. This will reduce stress amongst students, and allow individual topics to get the attention deserved. Right now, PSLE encourages parents and students to â€Å"spot† possible exam questions, and prepare for those to the exclusion of all else. If every years mark have a large part in the final grade, the students will be more encouraged to work hard and it will be more competitive, resulting in better and smarter young Singaporeans, allowing the country to prosper more. This can happen if we followed the education system that I mentioned other than using other means like, tuition, etc 2)Encourages poor methods of studying Also, PSLE studying and actual learning have had a bad divorce. The methods common to passing PSLE are: †¢ Ask how, not why. †¢ Dont experiment or try to be original. Follow whats worked before, and just copy. †¢ Learn only exam topics. Treat everything else as unimportant. †¢ Memorize model answers, as if theyre cheat codes for a video game. Teachers who try to stray from the path are hammered down. Theres no room for exploration, discourse, or general knowledge. Its not that students are unaware of this. They know these are bad teaching methods. But the importance of PSLE results overshadows their awareness. When an exam threatens to determine most of a childs future, fear drives the curriculum (this has happened to me before) On the topic of tuition Ideally, the aim of the education system is that you should be able to pass your exams without tuition. That said, many parents still think that it is necessary for children to have tuition in order for them to do better; not in all the schools but certainly in a percentage of them. My view is that it should not be the case that because you cannot afford tuition you should not be able to pass your exam, which is why MOE has introduced the Learning Support Programmes in schools, mentioned by Minister of education minister Heng at the last Committee Of Supply Debate. The schools are putting a lot more resources to help students who have difficulty with subjects to help them level up. People generally think that Singapore has a good education system and that we are not deprived of a good education. But I do get the sense that many people think that the learning field is not level. The running track (describing the field in which where Singaporeans learn) is the same for everybody. It is just that those from the less affluent backgrounds are coming on with the plain sneakers and the one from the better affluent ones are coming with the branded sneakers which give you more comfort and support. The idea is that, if the playing field is not equal because there are some students who come from families with better resources, then for those students who do not come from families with better resources, at least you help them to level up so that they get a chance to do well. How can Singaporeans adopt a less stressful approach to the PSLE? I like to make a distinction between status and stature. Status is about our relative importance or merit in comparison to other people, who might or might not be better than yourself; assessment sometimes will tell us about academic status. In contrast, stature is inherent, not comparative. Its about doing the best that you can, and recognising your intrinsic potential. Assessment should also help us develop our stature, and not our status. I know from my own experience how a drop of status badly affects my confidence. I hope this for every teacher and parent: To think and work hard about raising the stature of your children, and not just try to raise their status. Conclusion My conclusion for this is that the PSLE should not be scrapped but should be changed to a better and less stressful exam. So, the format should be changed to one more like the O levels. In the O levels, how well you do within a grade does not matter, just as long you get that particular grade. Once you score an A1, you will not be disadvantaged when compared to a student who has scored A1 with a higher score. I think this should be the model system for the PSLE. Thus , I end my commentary and hope (emphasis) you have enjoyed reading it.

Does Money Buy Happiness?, by Don Peck and Ross Douthat :: Money and Happiness Essays

Erika’s sweet sixteen is today, and her parents bought her a brand new car. She pulls into the school’s parking lot and flaunts about how her parents not only got her a car, but also a trip to Italy. People start to walk away, even some of her best friends. As the day goes on, her friends have not talked to her since morning. Fed up, Erika asks them what is wrong. Kristie, one of her friends, tells her how they cannot stand listening to her talk about her ostentatious gifts anymore. When Erika gets home from school, her mom asks her what is wrong. It is then she realizes what her friends were trying to say and tells her mother she does not want the car anymore. Her mother, astounded, asks why not and gets a reply of money cannot buy friends, nor can it buy happiness. According to â€Å"Does Money Buy Happiness,† by Don Peck and Ross Douthat, they disagree with the connection between money and happiness. Happiness is a feeling adults experience when they receive a gift, win something, and various other reasons, but does money buy this happiness everyone experiences? Don Peck and Ross Douthat claim money does buy happiness, but only to a point in their article which originally appeared in the Atlantic Monthly (252). Throughout their article, reasons on why money can sometimes buy happiness are explained. While some of the reasons given are effective, not all are satisfying answers for adults working diligently to make a living. Money is a part of everyone’s life, yet it is not always the cause of happiness. One reason described to be a cause of happiness is income. Don Peck and Ross Douthat indicate how, â€Å"National income appears to be one of the best single predictors of overall well-being, explaining perhaps 40 percent of the difference in contentment among nations† (352). With this statement, comes the explanation of how income can influence happiness in adults who strive to earn a living. Research illustrates how, â€Å"For individual countries, with few exceptions, self-reported happiness has increased as incomes have risen† (Douthat 352). While these two statements provide sufficient evidence for the reason of income bringing happiness, income itself is not relevant.

Maju Jaya Supermarket (MJ Supermarket) Essay

Maju Jaya Supermarket (MJ Supermarket) advertises in the newspapers that there is a vacancy for the post of manager. The advertisement stated that those who are interested can come anytime to MJ Supermarket for an interview from 11th April 2014 until 21st April 2014. Ahmad who was very interested with the post came to MJ Supermarket on 20th April 2014 and was informed by the owner that the post was already filled. Ahmad was very angry as he has already tendered his resignation to his former company. On the day that Ahmad came to the MJ Supermarket, he saw Mr Chan, his neighbour, entering the MJ Supermarket and selected some canned food, shampoo, eggs and vegetables. He put all the items into his trolley. However, while he was still looking for other items, Mr Chan received a call from his son asking him to pick him up from the train station. Mr Chan left the items in the trolley and went out from the MJ Supermarket. Advise Ahmad and Mr Chan whether there is any contract between them and the MJ Supermarket. (20 MARKS) ANSWER to Part A (Ahmad Case) Introduction The definition given under the Section 2(h) of the Contracts Act 1950 is that a contract is an agreement enforceable by law (The Commissioner of Law Revision, 2006). Therefore in the Ahmad’s case, one of the parties (Ahamd or MJ Supermarket) has to make an offer that is duly accepted by the other. Issue First issue that we need address in this case is to see whether the advertisement stating the interview deadlines contains an offer. If it does, can Ahmad’s willingness to attend the interview be considered as an acceptance of the offer? In case the advertisement is not considered as an offer, or if it is just an invitation to treat, then there is no contract between them. Second issue raised by the question is whether Ahmad’s presence in the MJ Supermarket to attend the interview on time, after his resignation from his previous job, is an offer. In that case, does MJ Supermarket can reject Ahmad’s offer? Based on the limited information given in the Ahmad’s case, the issues were analysed to see whether there is a contract between both parties? The Law According to Section 2(a) of the Contracts Act 1950, an offer exists â€Å"when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to the act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal† (Rahman , 2011). As given in the Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Ltd (1893) 1 QB 256 case, a proposal or an offer can also be made to the general public to be accepted by any person who knows about it and willing to perform the requirements of the proposer. On the other hand, an invitation to treat can be defined as giving information or requests to others to make offers. Application of the Law to the Facts of the Problem The advertisement by the MJ Supermarket clearly states that those who are interested can come anytime to MJ Supermarket for an interview from 11th April 2014 until 21st April 2014. This raise the question whether the advertisement is intended to bound in contract with the participants who come for the interview. In case of COELHO v. THE PUBLIC SERVICES COMMISSION[1964] M.L.J.12, the applicant, a Health Inspector under the Town Board, Tanjong Malim, applied for the post of Assistant Passport Officer in the Federation of Malaya Government Oversea Missions advertised in the Malay Mail dated 19 February 1957. Consequently, the applicant was informed that he was accepted and, after undergoing training, he was posted to the Immigration Office, Kuala Lumpur, where he remained until December 1958 when he was transferred to the Immigration Office at Johor Bahru (Rahman , 2011). The High Court ruled that the newspaper advertisement was an invitation for qualified persons to apply and the applications were treated as offers. Same can be expressed to the case of Ahmad that the newspaper advertisement by the MJ Supermarket is an invitation to those who are interested to participate in the interview. In the case of Gibson v Manchester CC [1979] 1 All ER 972, HL local council write to tenants inviting them to apply to purchase their homes. One such tenant P did apply, and a price was agreed. Following a change of party control, the new council DD refused to go ahead with the sale. The House of Lords said there was no binding contract: P had made an offer which DD had not yet accepted. Phrases in the correspondence such as â€Å"may be prepared to sell† and â€Å"please complete the enclosed application form† were indicative of an invitation to treat (Thomson  Reuters, 2004). Similarly to this case, the advertisement by the MJ supermarket stated th at those who are interested â€Å"can come† any time to the interview is crucial to consider that the advertisement was a step in the negotiation for a contract. Conclusion Considering the court ruling on both Coelho’s case and Gibson’s case, the advertisement made in the newspaper was an â€Å"invitation to treat†. However, the presence of Ahmad to participate in the interview is considered as an offer. The MJ Supermarket rejected this offer. Therefore the advice to Ahmad is that there is no contract between himself and the MJ Supermarket. ANSWER to Part B (Ahmad Case) On the day that Ahmad came to the MJ Supermarket, he saw Mr Chan, his neighbour, entering the MJ Supermarket and selected some canned food, shampoo, eggs and vegetables. He put all the items into his trolley. However, while he was still looking for other items, Mr Chan received a call from his son asking him to pick him up from the train station. Mr Chan left the items in the trolley and went out from the MJ Supermarket. Introduction The definition given under the Section 2(h) of the Contracts Act 1950 is that a contract is an agreement enforceable by law (The Commissioner of Law Revision, 2006). In the case of Chan, there should be an offer made by Chan and this offer should be accepted by the MJ Supermarket to make a contract. Issue The issue raised in the question is whether the Mr Chan’s action of taking goods from super market racks and put it into the basket contains an offer or an acceptance of an offer. Does he or MJ Supermarket fulfil the requirements of a contract? The Law According to Section 2(a) of the Contracts Act 1950, an offer exists â€Å"when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to the act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal†. An invitation to treat can be  defined as giving information or requests to others to make offers. In the Contracts Act 1950, Section 4(1) states that the â€Å"communication of a proposal is complete when the proposal comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made. To fulfil the pre-conditions of a contract, the proposal should be clearly communicated to the acceptor. Under Section 5(1) of the Contracts Act 1950, â€Å"a proposal may be revoked at any time before the communication of its acceptance is complete as against the proposer, but not afterwards. Application of the Law to the Facts of the Problem Mr Chan took goods by himself suggests that there is a display of goods in the MJ Supermarket and allows customers to voluntarily pick goods they like and purchase from the counter. â€Å"In the case of Fisher v Bell [1960] 3 All ER 731, DC it was a statutory offence under the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 to offer for sale any of various items, including flick-knives. A Bristol shopkeeper R displayed such a knife in his window, with a ticket reading â€Å"Ejector knife – 4s.† [4 shillings = 20p], and was prosecuted for an offence under the Act. The Divisional Court took a literal interpretation of the statute and said he had committed no offence: the display was an invitation to treat, not an offer to sell† (Rahman , 2011). In relation to the Mr Chan’s scenario, this case can be used to justify an argument of changing mind at any point of purchase before a contract is made. Therefore Mr Chan’s decision to leave the goods without buying is acceptable based on Fisher’s case. â€Å"In the case of Pharmaceutical Society v Boots [1953] 1 All ER 482, CA certain products that were to be sold only under the supervision of a registered pharmacist were displayed on shelves in a self-service shop. The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (who are responsible for enforcing this legislation) brought a prosecution against the shop for allowing customers to buy these products by helping themselves, but the Court of Appeal (upholding Lord Goddard CJ) said they had no case. The customer having selected the goods made an offer to purchase when he took them to the cash desk, and there was a registered pharmacist supervising that point at which the sale took place† (Rahman , 2011). Mr Chan does not take the goods  to the sales counter. In the case it is also mentioned that he was still looking for goods to purchase. However, he revoked from the process of making an offer to the sales staff when he got a phone call. As mentioned in the Boots case, the action by Mr Chan indicates that he did not properly complete an offer to purchase. In other words, he was involved in an invitation to treat from the MJ Supermarket. Conclusion To complete a contract between Mr Chan and MJ Supermarket, there is should clear communication of an offer and acceptance between both parties. Based on the discussed cases above, the display of goods are considered as an invitation to treat. Mr Chan does not complete an offer to purchase the goods as he quit his process of purchasing in the middle before taking goods to the sales counter. Futhermore, the MJ Supermarket does not have knowledge of a possible offer from Mr Chan.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Nature vs Nurture Essay

Since the beginnings of psychology the debate of nature verses nurture has been going on. Certain psychologists take the position of the nature perspective. They argue that people are born with predispositions towards certain personalities, traits and other characteristics that help shape them into the people that they become later in life. Meanwhile multiple other psychologists argue the nurture perspective. They believe that people are born as a blank slate and their experiences over the course of life help shape their personalities, traits, and other characteristics. One topic that can be argued from both perspectives is obsessive-compulsive disorder. People who develop Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are influenced by their inherited†¦show more content†¦Researchers have also linked specific genes in peoples DNA with those who suffer from OCD. These genes are considered risk genes and it is believed that these genes give people predispositions to certain OCD like behaviors . While no one specific gene causes OCD many different ones can contribute. Studies are still being conducted to determine how OCD could be treated better than it is today. Scientists have begun working with the idea that you DNA can be manipulated even after you are born. If a breakthrough were to come around it might be possible to solve countless mental and physical disorders including OCD. Some day it might even become possible to identify OCD genes in zygotes and eliminate said genes before the child is born. One of the biggest developments in OCD treatment occurred when an OCD patient’s cingulum was partially severed. Afterward it was found that his tendencies to act on his OCD were greatly lessened. Genetics is still a relatively new field and not to many breakthroughs have occurred. It may just happen that a few years down the road from now we determine that genetics are the sole reason for OCD. Until then OCD will always be involved in the debate between nature and n urture. 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